Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.3K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.3K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

55.0K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
55.0K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

48.5K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
48.5K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

5.6K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.6K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

625
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
625
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

773
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
773

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chronically implantable μLED arrays for optogenetic cortical surface stimulation in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Dual AAV gene therapy achieves recovery of hearing and auditory processing in a DFNB16 mouse model.

Clinical and translational medicine·2026
Same author

Sound feature representations decorrelate across the mouse auditory pathway.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

Sound offset responses become highly informative in the auditory cortex.

The Journal of physiology·2025
Same author

Deciphering Auditory Hyperexcitability in Otogl Mutant Mice Unravels an Auditory Neuropathy Mechanism.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

A spatial code for temporal information is necessary for efficient sensory learning.

Science advances·2025
Same journal

Distinct involvements of the subthalamic nucleus subpopulations in reward-biased decision-making in monkeys.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Pink1-mediated mitophagy in the endothelium releases proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA and activates neutrophil responses during inflammation.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Restraint of melanoma progression by cells in the local skin environment.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Brawn before bite in endemic Asian eutherian mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Experimental evolution to thermal stress indicates climate resilience in a cosmopolitan arthropod.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Correlates of protection against African swine fever virus identified by a systems immunology approach.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

11.9K

Network dynamics underlying OFF responses in the auditory cortex.

Giulio Bondanelli1,2, Thomas Deneux3, Brice Bathellier3,4

  • 1Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationelles, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, PSL University, INSERM, Paris, France.

Elife
|March 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating neural activity in the auditory cortex reveals that network interactions, not single cells, generate the complex offset (OFF) responses to stimuli. This finding advances our understanding of auditory processing and neural network dynamics.

Keywords:
auditory cortexcalcium imagingcomputational neurosciencemouseneural networksneuroscience

More Related Videos

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.8K
Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

11.9K
In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.8K
Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Cortex Research
  • Neural Dynamics

Background:

  • Neural activity patterns, including onset (ON) and offset (OFF) responses, are crucial across sensory systems.
  • While ON responses are well-understood, the mechanisms behind OFF responses in cortical areas remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that OFF responses are network-level phenomena driven by recurrent interactions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying neural OFF responses in the auditory cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Population analysis of two-photon calcium recordings in awake mice.
  • Comparison of experimental data with linear single-cell and network models.
  • Analysis of neural population responses to auditory stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell models partially explained observed neural activity but failed to capture stimulus- and trial-dependent structures.
  • Network models successfully explained the low-dimensional organization of population responses.
  • Distinct auditory stimuli activated largely orthogonal dimensions within the neural state-space.

Conclusions:

  • OFF responses in the auditory cortex are signatures of recurrent network interactions.
  • Network models provide a better framework for understanding complex neural population dynamics than single-cell approaches.
  • This study clarifies the neural basis of stimulus offset processing in the auditory cortex.