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Coffee Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Assessment of the Health Implications Based on Recent Knowledge
Ernest K J Pauwels1,2, Duccio Volterrani2
1Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Summary
Coffee consumption shows a potential to lower cancer risk, particularly for liver cancer and slightly for postmenopausal breast cancer. However, evidence for other cancers remains inconclusive, requiring further research.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Numerous studies suggest coffee consumption may reduce cancer risk.
- This effect is attributed to antioxidants like caffeine and chlorogenic acids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature (2005-2020) on coffee consumption and common cancer risks.
- To identify cohort studies and meta-analyses providing quantitative data.
Main Methods:
- Bibliographic search conducted in PubMed and Embase databases.
- Inclusion of cohort studies and meta-analyses with quality-assured data collection.
- Focus on quantitative data regarding coffee intake and cancer incidence.
Main Results:
- Strong evidence links coffee intake to reduced risk of hepatocellular cancer.
- A slight inverse association observed between coffee consumption and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
- Inconclusive or conflicting results for cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, colorectum, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, and prostate.
Conclusions:
- Coffee intake is associated with lower risk for liver cancer and potentially breast cancer in specific populations.
- Insufficient evidence exists to establish a broad link between coffee consumption and reduced risk for many other common cancers.
- Further high-quality epidemiological research is needed to clarify uncertainties and inform recommendations.
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