Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Enterococcus avium.

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Peritonitis is a frequent and severe complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
• Gram-positive organisms like staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are common causes of peritonitis.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing peritoneal dialysis-associated infections.

Observation:

• A rare case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is presented.
• The patient experienced persistent abdominal pain and deteriorating laboratory results despite initial antibiotic treatment.
• Diagnostic challenges arose due to the unusual causative agent.

Findings:

• The causative agent was identified as *Enterococcus avium*, an uncommon cause of peritonitis.
• Treatment failure with standard antibiotics led to the need for Tenckoff catheter removal.
• Temporary transfer to haemodialysis was required due to the severity of the infection.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering atypical microbial pathogens in dialysis peritonitis.
• Clinicians should be vigilant for non-standard presentations of peritonitis, even with antibiotic therapy.
• Further research into *Enterococcus avium* peritonitis may improve management strategies for peritoneal dialysis patients.