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Triggering an unexpected earthquake in an uncoupled subduction zone.

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The 2020 Shumagin Islands seismic gap earthquakes suggest low coupling, contrary to prior seismic gap theories. A thrust earthquake triggered a strike-slip event, indicating complex fault dynamics in the Alaska subduction zone.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Tectonics

Background:

  • The Shumagin Islands region, Alaska, was identified as a seismic gap with expected great earthquakes (Mw ≥8.0).
  • Recent geodetic data suggest weak coupling in this region, with limited geological evidence for past large earthquakes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seismic activity and fault coupling in the Shumagin Islands seismic gap during 2020.
  • To understand the relationship between thrust and strike-slip earthquakes in a potentially weakly coupled subduction zone.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of earthquake data, including moment magnitude (Mw) and faulting mechanisms.
  • Geodetic data interpretation to assess crustal coupling.
  • Stress modeling to evaluate earthquake triggering mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A series of earthquakes occurred from July to October 2020, including an Mw 7.8 thrust event and an Mw 7.6 strike-slip event.
  • Stress modeling supports that the strike-slip earthquake is favored in a low-coupling Shumagin Gap.
  • The initial thrust earthquake and its afterslip appear to have triggered the subsequent strike-slip event.

Conclusions:

  • The 2020 earthquake sequence in the Shumagin Islands challenges the traditional seismic gap hypothesis.
  • The findings suggest that low coupling may characterize the Shumagin Gap, promoting strike-slip faulting.
  • Complex interactions and stress transfer between different fault types play a crucial role in earthquake generation within subduction zones.