An update on coeliac disease from the NHS England National Centre for Refractory Coeliac Disease

Coeliac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune-mediated gluten sensitive enteropathy, with a prevalence of around 1%. While the incidence of CD has increased over the last 2 decades, many cases still remain undiagnosed. The presentation of CD is variable and can be subtle, with it being important to explore both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal features. The cornerstone of management is adherence to a strict gluten free diet, which requires support and education from an expert gastrointestinal dietitian. Persisting symptoms in individuals requires re-evaluation, with repeat duodenal biopsies sometimes required. Refractory CD affects a small subset of individuals with CD, requiring specialist input.