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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

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Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells develop locally via an interferon-γ-dependent loop.

Lu Bai1,2, Margaux Vienne3, Ling Tang1,2

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary

Adult mouse livers contain stem cells that develop into liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) creates a feedback loop, promoting ILC1 development within the liver.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The developmental pathways for tissue-resident lymphocytes, such as liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), are not fully understood.
  • The liver's immune cell composition is influenced by extramedullary hematopoiesis, but the specific mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the origin and developmental regulation of liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) in adult mice.
  • To investigate the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the in situ development of liver ILC1s.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from adult mouse liver.
  • Flow cytometry and cell sorting to identify specific cell populations (Lin-Sca-1+Mac-1+, Lin-CD122+CD49a+).
  • In vitro and in vivo assays to assess progenitor cell differentiation and cytokine-dependent regulation.

Main Results:

  • Adult mouse livers harbor fetal liver-derived Lin-Sca-1+Mac-1+ hematopoietic stem cells.
  • A subset of these progenitors (Lin-CD122+CD49a+) generates liver ILC1s but not conventional natural killer cells.
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) produced by mature ILC1s acts on IFN-γR+ progenitors to promote further ILC1 development in situ, establishing an IFN-γ-dependent loop.

Conclusions:

  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the adult liver contributes to the pool of liver ILC1 progenitors.
  • An autocrine/paracrine IFN-γ-dependent feedback loop drives the in situ development and expansion of liver ILC1s.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism for immune cell homeostasis and regional immune specialization within the liver.