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Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

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White matter alterations in glaucoma and monocular blindness differ outside the visual system.

Sandra Hanekamp^1,2,3, Branislava Ćurčić-Blake⁴, Bradley Caron^5,6

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. sandrahanekamp@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|March 26, 2021

Summary

Glaucoma may affect the brain beyond the eyes, unlike monocular blindness. White matter changes in glaucoma patients suggest limited brain reorganization, unlike in monocular blindness.

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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

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Published on: May 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Neuroimaging

Background:

The extent of brain involvement in glaucoma beyond visual pathways remains unclear.
Understanding glaucoma's impact on brain structure is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate white matter microstructure (WMM) changes in the brains of glaucoma patients compared to controls and individuals with monocular blindness.
To explore potential differences in brain reorganization between glaucoma and monocular blindness.

Main Methods:

Utilized brainlife.io for reproducible analysis of white matter microstructure in 37 brain tracts.
Categorized white matter tracts based on their primary function (vision, cognition, motor control).
Employed fractional anisotropy (FA) to measure WMM and a test-retest approach for validation.

Main Results:

Both glaucoma and monocular blindness showed decreased WMM in visual tracts compared to controls, indicating neurodegeneration from reduced sensory input.
Monocular blind subjects exhibited increased WMM outside visual tracts, suggesting brain reorganization.
Glaucoma patients did not show similar widespread WMM increases, implying limited reorganization.

Conclusions:

Reduced sensory input from vision loss leads to neurodegeneration in visual white matter tracts in both glaucoma and monocular blindness.
Monocular blindness facilitates white matter reorganization outside the visual system, a process potentially limited in glaucoma.
Glaucoma may involve unknown factors that inhibit compensatory brain reorganization following visual loss.