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Cerebral small vessel disease: A review
Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz1, Edyta Dziadkowiak1, Anna Zimny2
1Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Summary
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common, progressive brain condition affecting small blood vessels. Diagnosis relies on MRI, with management focused on cardiovascular risk factors due to lack of causal treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Vascular Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most prevalent chronic vascular condition affecting brain arterioles, capillaries, and small veins.
- It is frequently identified incidentally on brain imaging, particularly in individuals over 80.
- CSVD presents with diverse clinical and radiological features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD).
- To highlight the diagnostic role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in CSVD.
- To discuss the clinical impact and causes of CSVD.
Main Methods:
- Review of established literature and diagnostic criteria for CSVD.
- Emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings.
- Analysis of etiological factors and clinical manifestations.
Main Results:
- CSVD is a leading cause of stroke (20%), ischemic stroke (25%), and dementia (45%) in the elderly.
- Common causes include arteriosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), genetic factors, inflammation, and venous collagenosis.
- No causal treatment exists; management focuses on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) significantly impacts neurological health, particularly in older adults.
- Early diagnosis via MRI and aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors are crucial.
- Further research into causal treatments for CSVD is warranted.
