ASHP national survey of hospital pharmaceutical services--1987

The results of a fall 1987 national mail survey of pharmaceutical services in short-term hospitals are reported and compared with similar surveys conducted in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1985. A sample of 875 hospitals was selected randomly from among the estimated 5600 U.S. short-term hospitals that employ a pharmacist on at least a part-time basis. The survey had a 71.1% response rate (617 usable replies). Nearly three-fourths of the respondents had complete unit dose drug distribution services (UDD), 68% reported complete i.v. admixture services (IVA), and 57% reported both complete UDD and complete IVA. Nearly 5% of respondents offered five specified clinical services (up from 1.8% in 1985); 24% reported having no clinical services (versus 38% in 1985). Nineteen percent said their departments had one or more clinical specialists. Overall, about one-third of pharmacy technicians had completed formal training. The number of respondents with programs to contain drug costs increased about 10% since 1985. Weekly hours of pharmacy operation averaged 102; 36.7% of respondents had pharmacy service around the clock. The percentage of hospitals with computerized drug distribution systems increased from 32% in 1985 to 52% in 1987. Prime vendors were used by 94.6% of respondents, and only 2% reported that they did not use a purchasing group. National expenditures for drugs and fluids for community hospitals were projected at $4.7 billion, personnel costs at $1.8 billion, and other pharmacy expenditures at $0.4 billion. The projected numbers of open positions nationally for pharmacists in community hospitals was 1950. The survey also collected data on the use of personal computers, inventory turnover, quality assurance, continuing-education philosophy, revenue-generating programs, and outpatient services. Drug control in community hospitals is improving, and clinical services are more widespread. Twenty percent of respondents had comprehensive pharmaceutical services, defined as complete UDD and complete IVA plus three or more clinical services.