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Downscaling GRACE total water storage change using partial least squares regression.

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This study enhances the spatial resolution of Total Water Storage Change (TWSC) data from the GRACE satellite mission. The new method improves the usability of TWSC for regional hydrological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Hydrology
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provides global data on Earth's gravity field variations.
  • These variations are converted to Total Water Storage Change (TWSC) fields, indicating anomalies in water mass.
  • GRACE data's coarse spatial resolution ( > 63,000 km²) limits its application in regional hydrological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a statistical downscaling approach to enhance the spatial resolution of GRACE TWSC data.
  • To improve the usability of TWSC data for regional hydrological analysis.
  • To provide open-access scripts for researchers to generate their own downscaled TWSC fields.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a statistical downscaling approach assimilating GRACE TWSC data.
  • Integrated hydrological model outputs (WaterGAP Hydrology Model - WGHM) for water storage, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff.
  • Utilized common statistical modes across hydrological datasets to enhance GRACE data resolution to 0.5° × 0.5°.

Main Results:

  • Successfully downscaled GRACE TWSC fields to a 0.5° × 0.5° grid.
  • The downscaled product leverages statistical relationships within hydrological datasets to improve spatial detail.
  • Demonstrated a method to enhance the spatial resolution of satellite-derived water storage data.

Conclusions:

  • The statistical downscaling approach effectively increases the spatial resolution of GRACE TWSC data.
  • This enhanced resolution makes TWSC data more suitable for regional hydrological applications.
  • Open-access scripts are provided, enabling broader research use and custom downscaling.