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Related Concept Videos

Pie Chart01:04

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A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each indicating numerical proportions. It is also used to show the relative sizes of data in a single chart.
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A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the lines represent the cumulative total values. In this chart, the longest bars are arranged on the left and the shortest bars on the right, which makes it easier to read and interpret the data. It can also be called a Pareto diagram or Pareto analysis.
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Contingency Table01:29

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A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
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Residuals and Least-Squares Property01:11

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The vertical distance between the actual value of y and the estimated value of y. In other words, it measures the vertical distance between the actual data point and the predicted point on the line
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends

Mark David Walker1, Mihály Sulyok2,3

  • 1Department of the Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

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Community mobility significantly decreased during COVID-19 restrictions in Germany, showing a negative correlation with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. This highlights the link between mobility trends and disease transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Data Science

Background:

  • German government implemented social restrictions in March 2020 to curb COVID-19 transmission.
  • Apple Mobility Trends (AMT) data offers novel insights into community mobility patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence in Germany.
  • To assess changes in mobility following COVID-19 and social restrictions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Apple Mobility Trends (AMT) data to track community mobility.
  • Employed Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to analyze the association between mobility and COVID-19 cases in Germany.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant reductions in mobility post-restriction implementation.
  • Found a negative correlation between mobility levels and confirmed COVID-19 case numbers.
  • GAM incorporating all mobility data types showed superior fit (AIC: 2504) compared to models using individual categories.

Conclusions:

  • Results indicate a clear association between community mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence.
  • Further research into movement restrictions' impact on transmission is warranted.
  • Demonstrates the utility of novel online data sources for epidemiological studies.