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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation

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Published on: February 26, 2013

Chronic rate dependent exit block after pulmonary vein isolation.

Parth Makker¹, Eric Dulmovits¹, Stuart Beldner¹

¹Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology

|March 27, 2021

Summary

Rate dependent exit block in pulmonary veins, previously seen acutely post-ablation, can persist for years. This case reveals chronic rate dependent pulmonary vein exit block discovered 7 years after initial ablation.

Keywords:

atrial fibrillation/atrial arrhythmias cardiac mapping - 3-dimensional systems cardiac mapping - electrogram analysis clinical: Catheter ablation - atrial fibrillation clinical: Electrophysiology - atrial arrhythmias

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Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical Case Reports

Background:

Catheter ablation is a common treatment for atrial fibrillation.
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a key component of catheter ablation.
Rate-dependent exit block has been observed acutely after PVI.

Observation:

A patient presented for repeat ablation 7 years after an initial PVI procedure.
During the repeat procedure, rate-dependent pulmonary vein exit block was observed.
This phenomenon was noted years after the original circumferential PVI.

Findings:

This case represents the first reported instance of chronic rate-dependent pulmonary vein exit block.
The exit block was discovered a significant time after the index ablation procedure.
The findings suggest that pulmonary vein exit block can be a long-term complication.

Implications:

This discovery expands the understanding of potential long-term sequelae of PVI.
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of chronic rate-dependent exit block.
Further research may be needed to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical significance of this chronic finding.