Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 11, 2025
10:39
Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
Published on: April 16, 2019
7.9K
Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma.
Matthew J Camiolo1, Sagar L Kale1, Timothy B Oriss1
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Current Opinion in Immunology
|March 27, 2021
Summary
Severe asthma is difficult to treat and involves more than just the Type 2 (T2) immune response. New research highlights additional immune factors and cytokines, like IFN-γ, contributing to severe asthma and exacerbations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Genetics
Background:
- Asthma severity varies widely, with severe cases poorly responsive to standard inhaled corticosteroids.
- Current understanding suggests Type 2 (T2) immune responses are key, but other factors are involved in severe asthma pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex molecular and immunologic factors contributing to severe asthma.
- To explore subphenotypes and endotypes of asthma based on immune pathways.
- To discuss the role of non-T2 cytokines and epithelial mediators in severe asthma and exacerbations.
Main Methods:
- Review of transcriptomic data and patient characteristics.
- Analysis of patient response to biologic therapies.
- Integration of data on T2 and non-T2 immune pathways.
Main Results:
- Severe asthma involves additional molecular and immunologic factors beyond the T2 immune response.
- Distinct asthma subphenotypes and endotypes may exist with varying responses to therapies.
- Non-T2 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) and epithelial mediators are associated with severe asthma.
Conclusions:
- Understanding diverse immune pathways is crucial for classifying asthma endotypes.
- Identifying non-T2 pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic targets in severe asthma.
- Further research into these pathways may improve management of acute asthma exacerbations.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
2.8K
Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
Classification of Asthma
2.8K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
3.5K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
3.5K
01:29Asthma-I: Introduction
3.0K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
3.0K
01:20Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
936
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
936
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs
1.5K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
1.5K
01:30Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
2.8K
The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
2.8K