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Millet: A review of its nutritional and functional changes during processing.
Laraib Yousaf1, Dianzhi Hou1, Humna Liaqat2
1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Processing millets, a vital food source, significantly enhances their nutritional value. This review details how traditional and modern food preparation techniques improve millet
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Nutritional Science
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Millets are a crucial global food source, with increasing production to meet population needs.
- Millets offer essential nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds.
- Food preparation techniques can alter the nutritional and functional properties of cereal grains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of various traditional and modern processing techniques on millet.
- To analyze the nutritional and functional changes in millets post-processing.
- To provide comprehensive information on millet processing for industry, consumers, and researchers.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of over 100 articles published between 2013 and 2020.
- Literature search conducted across Web of Science, Google Scholar, FAO, and USDA databases.
- Analysis of nutritional and functional modifications in millets due to processing.
Main Results:
- Processing techniques like decortication, soaking, germination, milling, and fermentation significantly influence millet composition.
- These methods can enhance the bioavailability and content of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.
- Specific processing methods offer targeted improvements in millet's health-promoting functions.
Conclusions:
- Millet processing is a key strategy to combat malnutrition and associated health issues.
- Understanding processing effects is vital for optimizing millet utilization in food systems.
- This review offers valuable insights for stakeholders in the millet industry, consumers, and scientific research.
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