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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

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Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
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Community Testing and SARS-CoV-2 Rates for Latinxs in Baltimore.

Benjamin F Bigelow1, Ronald E Saxton1, Alejandra Flores-Miller1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Community testing for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed high transmission rates among Latinx individuals, particularly those with limited English proficiency. This initiative highlighted significant disparities in COVID-19 impact and testing accessibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Latinx communities experienced disproportionate impacts from COVID-19.
  • Latinx immigrants faced barriers to SARS-CoV-2 testing, including insurance, language, stigma, work, and transportation issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy for the Latinx population.
  • To address high positivity rates observed within the Latinx community at Johns Hopkins Health System.

Main Methods:

  • Free community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing events were conducted through partnerships with religious leaders and community health workers.
  • Data on SARS-CoV-2 positivity and patient characteristics were collected from electronic health records and a REDCap database.
  • Positivity rates were stratified by race/ethnicity and compared using chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Between June 25 and October 15, 2020, 1,786 patients were tested; 19.9% tested positive.
  • Latinx individuals had a SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate of 31.5%, significantly higher than other racial/ethnic groups.
  • Latinxs who tested positive were more likely to prefer Spanish, be younger, and have larger households.

Conclusions:

  • Community-based testing effectively identified high SARS-CoV-2 transmission among Latinx individuals with limited English proficiency.
  • The study underscored the critical need for accessible testing in underserved communities to mitigate health disparities.