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Biological markers in epidemiologic research.

B S Hulka1, T Wilcosky

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Archives of Environmental Health
|March 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Biological markers are crucial for epidemiologic research, aiding in accurate exposure assessment and early disease detection. Addressing issues like definition clarity and feasibility ensures their effective use in understanding disease etiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiologic Research
  • Biomarker Science

Background:

  • Biological markers are increasingly utilized in epidemiologic research.
  • Standardization of definitions and classification is essential for their effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss key issues relevant to the use of biological markers in epidemiologic research.
  • To present a theoretical model for interrelationships among different marker categories.
  • To outline challenges in marker selection and feasibility for specific studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of issues in biological marker use.
  • Categorization of markers including internal dose, biological effective dose, biological response, disease, and susceptibility.
  • Exploration of marker selection criteria (exposure complexity, specificity, persistence, timing, media) and feasibility factors (sample handling, assay characteristics).

Main Results:

  • Identified critical issues in biological marker use: definition clarity, classification, exposure complexity, marker specificity, persistence, timing, biological media selection, and assay feasibility.
  • Presented a theoretical model illustrating marker interrelationships.
  • Highlighted the potential of biological markers to improve exposure variables, detect preclinical disease, refine disease classification, and enhance understanding of disease processes.

Conclusions:

  • Biological markers offer significant potential to advance epidemiologic research by improving accuracy, enabling early detection and prevention, and deepening our understanding of disease etiology.
  • Addressing identified challenges in definition, selection, and feasibility is crucial for maximizing the utility of biological markers.

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