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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
Published on: July 25, 2022
Extracellular vesicles as antigen carriers for novel vaccination avenues
Mina Mehanny1, Claus-Michael Lehr2, Gregor Fuhrmann3
1Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract:
Antigen delivery has always been a challenge in scientific practice of vaccine formulation. Yet, mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) or bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide an innovative avenue for safe and effective delivery of antigenic material. They include intrinsically loaded antigens from EV-secreting cells or extrinsically loaded antigens onto pre-formed vesicles. Interestingly, many studies shed light on potential novel anti-cancer vaccination immunotherapy for therapeutic applications from mammalian cell host-derived EVs, as well as conventional vaccination for prophylactic applications using bacterial cell-derived MVs against infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the rationale, status quo and potential for both vaccine applications using EVs.
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