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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Refractory heart failure with LBBB - Pause before CRT.

Sachin Yalagudri1, Muthiah Subramanian1, Daljeet Saggu1

  • 1Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India.

Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early immunosuppressive therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) can reverse left bundle branch block (LBBB) and improve heart function, potentially avoiding the need for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Keywords:
Cardiac resynchronization therapyCardiac sarcoidosisLeft bundle branch block

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an inflammatory condition that can lead to significant cardiac dysfunction.
  • Left bundle branch block (LBBB) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) are common in advanced CS, often indicating a need for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Observation:

  • Two patients with biopsy-proven cardiac sarcoidosis presented with complete LBBB and severely impaired left ventricular (LV) function (EF < 30%), meeting criteria for CRT.
  • These patients received immunosuppressive therapy for their underlying CS.

Findings:

  • Following immunosuppressive treatment, both patients experienced complete resolution of LBBB and normalization of LV function.
  • The improvement in cardiac function and conduction obviated the need for CRT implantation in both cases.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment of CS can lead to significant cardiac recovery, including LBBB resolution and improved LV function.
  • Evaluating non-ischemic cardiomyopathies for reversible causes like CS before CRT implantation is crucial.
  • This approach may prevent unnecessary device implantation and associated risks.