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Code-switching in young bilingual toddlers: A longitudinal, cross-language investigation
Erin Smolak1, Stephanie de Anda2, Bianka Enriquez3
1San Diego State University & University of California, San Diego.
Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)
|March 29, 2021
Summary
This study examined bilingual children
Area of Science:
- Linguistics
- Developmental Psychology
- Bilingualism
Background:
- Previous research on preschool code-switching often uses small samples.
- Longitudinal data on early bilingual language development is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the longitudinal development of code-switching in bilingual preschoolers.
- To compare code-switching patterns in Spanish-English and French-English children.
- To identify factors influencing code-switching rates.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 31- to 39-month-old children.
- Two distinct bilingual groups: Spanish-English (San Diego) and French-English (Montréal).
- Analysis of utterance-level and word-level code-switching patterns.
Main Results:
- Children code-switched more between than within utterances.
- Content words were more frequently code-switched than function words.
- Code-switching occurred more from Spanish/French to English than vice versa.
- Exposure predicted code-switching in Spanish-English children; proficiency predicted it in French-English children.
Conclusions:
- Early bilingual children exhibit specific code-switching patterns.
- Factors influencing code-switching vary based on linguistic and environmental contexts.
- Longitudinal research provides crucial insights into bilingual language acquisition.
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