Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors for malic acid - A review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Malic acid is a crucial flavor compound in fruits and vegetables, with significant interest in its accurate monitoring, especially in the winemaking industry.
• Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors offer a promising technology for quantifying malic acid concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the progress in developing enzyme-based amperometric biosensors for malic acid over the past four decades.
• To analyze the components, analytical parameters, and performance trade-offs of existing malic acid sensors.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors for malic acid.
• Analysis of sensor components, including electrode materials, electron mediators, and enzymes.
• Evaluation of analytical parameters such as accuracy, sensitivity, linear range, response time, and stability.

Main Results:

• Advances in electrode materials, mediators, and coupled enzymes have enhanced sensitivity and reduced interference.
• A notable trade-off exists between sensor sensitivity and linear range.
• Three types of malate oxidoreductase enzymes have been employed, each with distinct properties.

Conclusions:

• Identifying or engineering superior malate oxidoreductase enzymes is critical for enhancing the commercial viability of malic acid biosensors.
• Further research into enzyme engineering and sensor design is needed to overcome current limitations.