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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
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Published on: July 19, 2024

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Memory T-Cell Heterogeneity and Terminology

Yuki Muroyama1,2, E John Wherry1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute for Immunology.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|March 30, 2021
PubMed

Immunological memory and exhaustion are fundamental features of adaptive immunity. Recent advances reveal increasing heterogeneity and diversity among CD8 T-cell subsets, resulting in new subsets to annotate and understand. Here, we review our current knowledge of differentiation and maintenance of memory and exhausted CD8 T cells, including phenotypic classification, developmental paths, transcriptional and epigenetic features, and cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Additionally, we use this outline to discuss the nomenclature of effector, memory, and exhausted CD8 T cells. Finally, we discuss how new findings about these cell types may impact the therapeutic efficacy and development of immunotherapies targeting effector, memory, and/or exhausted CD8 T cells in chronic infections and cancer.

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