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Risk factors dynamics in multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease
L V Chazova1, A M Shishova, V L Gromov
1Research Institute of Preventive Cardiology, USSR Cardiology Research Centre, Moscow.
Insights
Preventive measures effectively reduced arterial hypertension and smoking rates in middle-aged men over four years. These interventions are crucial for managing cardiovascular risk factors, especially in borderline cases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular disease prevention
- Public health interventions
- Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors
Background:
- High incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) is prevalent in middle-aged men.
- These RF are strongly linked to ischemic heart disease (IHD).
- Multiple RF often coexist, even in individuals without diagnosed IHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a four-year preventive intervention program on cardiovascular RF dynamics.
- To assess changes in the incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) and smoking.
- To determine the impact of interventions on populations with varying levels of preventive activity.
Main Methods:
- A four-year prospective study involving 6619 men aged 40-59.
- Comparison between an intervention group and a control group.
- Monitoring of risk factors including arterial hypertension, smoking, elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, and body weight.
Main Results:
- The intervention group showed a significant decline in arterial hypertension (24.8% to 19.8%) and smoking (40.1% to 30.6%).
- Mean levels of these risk factors also decreased in the intervention group.
- No significant favorable changes were observed in the control group.
- Analysis included normalization rates and incidence of elevated BP, cholesterol, and body weight.
Conclusions:
- Preventive interventions can effectively reduce the incidence of arterial hypertension in the population.
- Targeting individuals with 'borderline' risk factor values (e.g., borderline AH, overweight) is important for prevention.
- The study demonstrates the feasibility and impact of population-level preventive strategies for cardiovascular health.
Abstract:
The effectiveness of preventive measures in populations subjected to a different degree of preventive activity was according to the dynamics of risk factors (RF) tested in the course of four years. Among 6619 examined men aged 40-59 years, a high incidence of RF (79.2%), their connection with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and frequent simultaneous incidence of several RF even in subjects without IHD were found. The four-year preventive intervention programme was efficient as regards a decline in the incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) from 24.8% to 19.8%, and smoking from 40.1% to 30.6%, simultaneously with a decrease in the mean level of these RF; these favourable changes did not occur in the control group. Data are analysed concerning the percentage of normalization and the incidence of an elevated BP level, cholesterol and body weight. The study proved the possibility of preventively influencing the incidence of AH in the population, and showed the importance of applying preventive measures in subjects with "borderline" values of RF, such as AH and overweight.