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Literature Review of COVID-19, Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Disease

Fariba Yazdanpanah1, Akash Garg1, Shahrad Shadman1

  • 1University of Maryland Medical System, Capital Region Health, Internal Medicine Department, Cheverly, MD.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|March 31, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This review summarizes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) manifestations, including typical fever and respiratory symptoms, and atypical presentations. It highlights transmission routes and factors influencing disease severity for better diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV2 in December 2019 led to a global pandemic.
  • Understanding COVID-19's diverse clinical spectrum is crucial for effective public health responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify the essential clinical manifestations of COVID-19.
  • To provide insights into diagnosis and management strategies for improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review of 59 relevant articles published up to May 1st, 2020.
  • Analysis of reported clinical presentations, transmission routes, and factors affecting COVID-19 severity.

Main Results:

  • Fever and respiratory involvement are the most common COVID-19 manifestations.
  • A wide spectrum of atypical presentations exists, and viral nucleic acid can be found in stool and urine.
  • Disease severity varies with patient's medical background, age, sex, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of diverse COVID-19 symptoms is vital for timely diagnosis.
  • Comprehensive understanding of manifestations aids in tailored patient management and improved outcomes.
  • Further research into atypical presentations and long-term effects is warranted.

Keywords:
COVID-19ManifestationsNovel corona virus (2019-ncov)PresentationsSevere acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus2 (sars-cov2)Transmission

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