Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography, part 1: vesicoureteral reflux evaluation

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Diagnostic Ultrasound
• Urology

Background:

• Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) is a recognized ultrasound technique for pediatric VUR and urethral imaging.
• Significant advancements in ultrasound technology and contrast agents have enhanced ceVUS's diagnostic value over three decades.
• Recent approvals of contrast agents for pediatric intravesical use have expanded ceVUS applications worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications and diagnostic performance of ceVUS in pediatric VUR evaluation.
• To detail the historical context, examination techniques, image interpretation, and accuracy of ceVUS for VUR.
• To present the utility of ceVUS for urethral imaging in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical experience with ceVUS for VUR and urethral imaging in children.
• Analysis of historical development, technical aspects, and diagnostic accuracy of ceVUS.
• Discussion of recent advancements and global expansion of ceVUS use.

Main Results:

• ceVUS is a sensitive, safe, and well-established modality for VUR detection and grading.
• Improved ultrasound technology and contrast agents have refined ceVUS diagnostic potential.
• Expanded global use of ceVUS in pediatric VUR and urethral imaging.

Conclusions:

• ceVUS represents a significant advancement in pediatric diagnostic imaging for VUR and urethral conditions.
• The technique's safety, sensitivity, and improved technology support its widespread adoption.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview of ceVUS for VUR and urethral assessment in children.