Evaluating implementation and pragmatism of cancer-specific exercise programs: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Exercise oncology
• Implementation science
• Cancer rehabilitation

Background:

• Exercise oncology research increasingly focuses on real-world implementation of cancer-specific exercise programs.
• Evaluating current implementation strategies and identifying research gaps are crucial for future advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of studies implementing cancer-specific exercise programs.
• To determine the pragmatic characteristics of these programs.
• To evaluate their potential for translation into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across five databases up to July 2020.
• Implementation studies utilizing qualitative or quantitative methods were identified.
• Program pragmatism was assessed using the PRECIS/RE-AIM tool.

Main Results:

• Fourteen articles were reviewed, indicating moderately pragmatic programs (average score 3.4/5).
• Programs scored higher in effectiveness-related domains (eligibility, follow-up) but lower in implementation science domains (flexibility, adoption, maintenance).
• Limited data were reported on program fidelity, adaptations, and long-term sustainability.

Conclusions:

• Researchers must consider intervention pragmatism, adoption nuances, and healthcare system integration.
• Future studies should involve decision-makers, implementation experts, and focus on flexible, sustainable programming.
• The PRECIS/RE-AIM tool can aid program evaluation throughout the research lifecycle.