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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
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Sampling Accelerated Micron Scale Ice Particles with a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer.

Anton Belousov1, Morgan Miller2, Robert Continetti2

  • 1NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|April 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists simulated Enceladus plume fly-through conditions by impacting ice grains into a mass spectrometer. This experiment provides crucial data for future astrobiology missions searching for extraterrestrial life.

Keywords:
Paul traphypervelocity samplingice grain acceleratorice grainsmass spectrometerquadrupole ion trap

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Space Instrumentation

Background:

  • The Enceladus plume is a key astrobiological target, potentially containing biosignatures from its subsurface ocean.
  • Future missions aim to analyze plume ice grains using mass spectrometry, but high-velocity impacts pose challenges.
  • Impact processes can alter the chemical composition of ice grains before analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate Enceladus plume fly-through conditions for in situ mass spectrometry.
  • To investigate post-impact processes of ice grains within a mass spectrometer.
  • To develop and test a new experimental setup for analyzing plume material.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an ice grain accelerator coupled to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS).
  • Created and accelerated ice particles (approx. 1.3 μm diameter) to velocities up to 1000 m/s.
  • Analyzed mass spectral data following ice grain impacts on the QITMS analyzer surface.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured ice grain impacts using the QITMS.
  • Observed transient increases in water molecule abundance upon impact.
  • The experimental setup is being upgraded for higher impact velocities (up to 5000 m/s).

Conclusions:

  • The experimental setup demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing ice grain impacts with QITMS.
  • This research is vital for understanding potential chemical alterations during plume fly-through.
  • Provides foundational data for designing instruments for future Enceladus exploration missions.