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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Striatal dopamine mediates hallucination-like perception in mice.

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  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. schmack@cshl.edu akepecs@wustl.edu.

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Summary

Researchers developed a mouse model to study hallucinations, finding that dopamine in the striatum causes these false perceptions. This discovery offers new pathways for treating psychotic disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hallucinations are a key symptom of psychotic disorders, linked to elevated dopamine.
  • Understanding the neural circuits underlying hallucinations is difficult due to challenges in studying them in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantifiable task for studying hallucination-like perception in mice.
  • To investigate the role of dopamine and striatal circuits in the generation of hallucinations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel behavioral task to measure hallucination-like perception in mice.
  • Utilized optogenetics to stimulate mesostriatal dopamine neurons.
  • Administered the antipsychotic drug haloperidol.
  • Correlated mouse behaviors with human self-reported hallucinations.

Main Results:

  • The developed task successfully quantified hallucination-like percepts in mice.
  • Hallucination-like percepts increased following specific manipulations and correlated with human experiences.
  • Elevated striatal dopamine levels preceded hallucination-like percepts.
  • Optogenetic stimulation induced these percepts, which were reversed by haloperidol.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine-dependent striatal circuits play a causal role in hallucination-like perception.
  • This study provides a valuable model for investigating the neurobiology of hallucinations.
  • Findings open new avenues for developing circuit-based treatments for psychotic disorders.