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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

16.6K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.9K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.5K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.6K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.6K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.0K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

3.7K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Unconventional-Phase Crystalline Materials Constructed from Multiscale Building Blocks.

Jiawei Liu1, Jingtao Huang1, Wenxin Niu2

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Researchers are exploring unconventional crystal phases in nanomaterials and supercrystals. These engineered materials, built from diverse building blocks, exhibit unique properties and open new application avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Crystal phase is crucial for material properties.
  • Nanomaterials and supercrystals can exhibit unconventional crystal phases.
  • These phases differ from bulk counterparts and offer unique characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in synthesizing and engineering unconventional crystal phases in nanocrystalline and supercrystalline materials.
  • To highlight strategies and governing parameters for phase formation.
  • To summarize phase-dependent properties and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthesis strategies for nanocrystalline and supercrystalline materials.
  • Analysis of multiscale building blocks (atoms, nanoclusters, nanoparticles, microparticles).
  • Discussion of parameters controlling crystal phase formation.

Main Results:

  • Unconventional phases in nanomaterials and supercrystals are achievable through various synthetic methods.
  • Diverse building blocks enable the creation of novel supercrystalline structures.
  • Engineering crystal phases leads to distinct material properties.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional crystal phases in engineered nanomaterials and supercrystals offer unique properties.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and explore opportunities in this field.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art.