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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

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Published on: March 24, 2023

A Time-Based Electronic Front-End for a Capacitive Particle Matter Detector.

Umberto Ferlito¹, Alfio Dario Grasso¹, Michele Vaiana²

¹Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 3, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an electronic interface for a capacitive airborne particle matter detector using ring oscillators and a mixer. The system achieves high sensitivity and resolution for detecting airborne particles, enabling advanced environmental monitoring.

Keywords:

capacitive sensor particulate matter (PM)ring oscillators smart sensors

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Environmental Science
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate detection of airborne particulate matter is crucial for environmental monitoring and health studies.
Existing methods for particle detection often face challenges with sensitivity, resolution, and miniaturization.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel electronic interface for a capacitive airborne particle matter detector.
To design and implement a compact, high-sensitivity sensor using CMOS technology.

Main Methods:

The interface utilizes two matched ring oscillators and a mixer to detect frequency shifts caused by particle deposition on a capacitor.
A capacitive trimming circuit compensates for oscillator frequency variations.
The system employs a digital counter for signal processing and an I2C interface for communication.
Fabrication was performed using a 130-nm CMOS process.

Main Results:

The capacitive airborne particle matter detector demonstrates a sensitivity of 60 kHz/fF.
A 3σ resolution of 165 aF was achieved, indicating high precision in particle detection.
The sensor occupies a small die area of 0.12 mm².

Conclusions:

The developed electronic interface provides a sensitive and high-resolution solution for airborne particle matter detection.
The compact design and CMOS implementation make it suitable for integration into various monitoring systems.
This technology has the potential to advance real-time environmental and health risk assessments.