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Datagram TLS (DTLS) v1.2 handshakes are faster on ideal channels but degrade significantly on unreliable links compared to Transport Layer Security (TLS) v1.2. Choosing the right IoT security protocol impacts network performance and battery life.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram TLS (DTLS) are vital for securing internet traffic.
  • 6TiSCH is a key low-power link layer technology for IoT devices.
  • DTLS is commonly used for IoT security due to its UDP-based nature, but its handshake requires reliability mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of TLS v1.2 and DTLS v1.2 handshakes within 6TiSCH networks.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of DTLS's reliability mechanisms (sequence numbers, retransmission, fragmentation) in constrained IoT environments.
  • To assess the impact of network unreliability on handshake performance for both protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Porting the mbedTLS library to the OpenWSN 6TiSCH reference implementation.
  • Deploying the modified library on OpenMote hardware for testing.
  • Conducting comparative analysis of handshake performance under ideal and unreliable channel conditions.

Main Results:

  • On ideal channels, DTLS handshakes were faster and consumed fewer bytes than TLS.
  • On unreliable links, DTLS handshake duration increased by ~45% and byte exchange doubled.
  • TLS handshake duration degraded by only 15% with a limited increase in exchanged bytes on unreliable links.

Conclusions:

  • Network characteristics significantly influence the performance of TLS and DTLS handshakes in 6TiSCH.
  • Developers must consider network reliability when selecting security protocols for IoT devices.
  • Inappropriate protocol selection can lead to increased latency and reduced battery life in constrained IoT networks.