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Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
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3D-PAD: Paper-Based Analytical Devices with Integrated Three-Dimensional Features.

James S Ng1, Michinao Hashimoto1,2,3

  • 1Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.

Biosensors
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing creates advanced paper-based analytical devices (PAD) with 3D features. These 3D-PADs effectively contain larger volumes of organic solvents, overcoming limitations of traditional 2D devices.

Keywords:
3D printingdigital fabricationmicrofabricationpaper analytical devicepaper-based microfluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Traditional paper-based analytical devices (PAD) are typically 2D and struggle to retain volatile organic solvents.
  • Low interfacial energies of organic solvents with hydrophobic barriers limit sample volume in conventional PADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for fabricating paper-based analytical devices with integrated three-dimensional (3D) features using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing.
  • To enhance the liquid sample holding capacity of PADs, particularly for organic solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D paper-based analytical devices (3D-PADs) using FDM 3D printing with two thermoplastics: polycaprolactone (PCL) for hydrophobic barriers and polylactic acid (PLA) for structural integrity.
  • Utilizing PCL's low melting point for barrier formation and PLA's high melting point to maintain 3D features.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated 3D-PADs with seamless integration of PCL hydrophobic barriers and PLA 3D structures.
  • Demonstrated the ability of 3D-PADs to reliably hold up to 30 μL of various organic solvents (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone), which are not retained by conventional PADs.
  • Validated the enhanced sample containment using a colorimetric assay for dimethylglyoxime-Ni (II) with increased solvent volumes.

Conclusions:

  • FDM 3D printing offers a facile approach to construct integrated 3D structures within PADs.
  • The developed 3D-PADs significantly improve the capability to handle organic solvents, expanding applications in chemical and biological assays.