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Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy.

L E Davis1, K J Leveno, F G Cunningham

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy significantly increases risks for maternal and fetal complications, including preeclampsia and placental abruption. Early thyroxine treatment may improve outcomes, even with persistent subclinical thyroid deficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is uncommon in pregnancy due to anovulation.
  • Pregnancy outcomes in hypothyroid women require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze pregnancy outcomes in women with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • To identify maternal and perinatal complications associated with thyroid deficiency during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 28 complicated pregnancies over ten years.
  • Comparison of outcomes between women with overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Main Results:

  • Overt hypothyroidism (n=14) was linked to high rates of anemia (31%), preeclampsia (44%), placental abruption (19%), postpartum hemorrhage (19%), and cardiac dysfunction.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Perinatal issues included low birth weight (31%) and fetal death (12%), primarily due to placental abruption.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism (n=12) showed fewer complications.

    • Conclusions:

    • Overt thyroid deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly preeclampsia and placental abruption.
    • Thyroxine replacement therapy is suggested to improve pregnancy outcomes in hypothyroid women.
    • Further research into the benefits of thyroxine treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism is warranted.