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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury in the Patient with Cancer.

Alejandro Meraz-Munoz1, Amit Langote2, Kenar D Jhaveri3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer survival has improved, but complications like acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rising. This review focuses on common kidney problems in cancer patients, excluding therapy-related causes.

Keywords:
acute kidney injury (AKI)hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)kidney replacement therapy (KRT)thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer diagnosis and treatment advancements have increased patient survival over three decades.
  • Improved survival is linked to a higher incidence of cancer-related complications.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent in cancer patients, increasing mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of common causes of AKI in cancer patients.
  • To highlight the significant bidirectional relationship between cancer and kidney health, known as the "kidney-cancer connection."

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on non-therapy-associated causes of AKI in cancer.
  • Synthesis of current research on the interplay between cancer and kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • AKI and CKD are significant complications in cancer patients, impacting survival.
  • The "kidney-cancer connection" is a critical area of ongoing research.
  • Several common, non-therapy-related factors contribute to AKI in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the causes of AKI in cancer is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the kidney-cancer connection is warranted.
  • Management strategies for AKI in cancer patients need to address underlying causes beyond therapy.