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Comparing the Visual Perception According to the Performance Using the Eye-Tracking Technology in High-Fidelity

Issam Tanoubi1, Mathieu Tourangeau1, Komi Sodoké2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Centre d'Apprentissage des Attitudes et Habiletés Cliniques (CAAHC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
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Successful management of critical situations in medical simulations is linked to distinct visual attention patterns. Eye-tracking reveals that high-performing residents focus on monitors earlier and use critical equipment like pacing units more efficiently.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Simulation
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Eye-tracking technology was employed to analyze clinician visual perception during high-fidelity medical simulations.
  • A hypothesis proposed that successful management of critical events would correlate with different visual focus patterns compared to unsuccessful attempts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual attention patterns and clinical performance in emergency medicine residents during a simulated critical event.
  • To determine if eye-tracking metrics can differentiate between successful and unsuccessful management of a patient in shock with atrioventricular block.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen first-year emergency medicine residents participated in a high-fidelity simulation of a patient in shock with third-degree atrioventricular block.
Keywords:
eye-trackingmedical educationperformance

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  • Participants wore eye-tracking glasses, and their visual focus on predefined Areas of Interest (AOI), including the pacing unit and vital signs monitor, was recorded.
  • Performance was assessed as pass or fail based on the correct use of the pacing unit; metrics included Total View Duration (TVD) and Time to First Fixation (TFF).

    • Main Results:

    • Residents who succeeded in the scenario demonstrated significantly shorter Total View Duration (TVD) on the pacing unit AOI compared to those who failed (42 sec vs. 70 sec).
    • Successful participants also exhibited shorter Time to First Fixation (TFF) on the ECG and vital signs monitor AOI (22 sec vs. 30 sec).
    • Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in visual attention patterns between successful and failed performance groups (p=0.0097 for pacing unit TVD, p=0.0182 for monitor TFF).

    Conclusions:

    • Gaze patterns in high-fidelity bradycardia simulations are connected to resident performance.
    • Successful residents diagnosed earlier by looking at the monitor sooner and utilized the pacing unit more promptly.
    • Eye-tracking technology offers a potential tool for assessing visual perception's role in clinical decision-making and performance.