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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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MicroRNA Interference in Hepatic Host-Pathogen Interactions.

Asahiro Morishita1, Kyoko Oura1, Tomoko Tadokoro1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate liver immunity against pathogens. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing new strategies against liver infections.

Keywords:
RNA interferencediagnostic biomarkerepigenetic changeshost–pathogen interactionimmune cellsliver immunitymicroRNApathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • The liver, traditionally viewed as non-immunological, hosts resident immune cells that modulate immunological reactions.
  • Hepatic immune cells like Kupffer cells and lymphocytes interact with pathogens, necessitating mechanistic understanding.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression and are implicated in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological interactions between hepatic pathogens and resident immune cells.
  • To elucidate the role of miRNAs in liver immunity against various pathogens.
  • To highlight the current understanding and remaining questions regarding miRNA functions in hepatic host-pathogen interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on liver immunology and miRNA function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated regulation of immune cells.
  • Synthesis of data on pathogen-immune cell interactions in the liver.

Main Results:

  • Resident liver immune cells are key players in hepatic immune responses.
  • MicroRNAs are increasingly recognized for their significant role in modulating liver immunity.
  • Specific miRNAs influence the interaction between hepatic immune cells and pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of liver immunity and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Further research into miRNA mechanisms is essential for understanding and combating liver diseases.
  • Targeting miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic avenues for hepatic infections.