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Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle
Jessica Bouviere1, Rodrigo S Fortunato1, Corinne Dupuy2
1Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
Summary
Physical exercise challenges homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) crucial for skeletal muscle adaptations. Understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful ROS is key for exercise biology.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology and molecular biology.
- Investigating cellular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle.
Background:
- Physical exercise significantly impacts whole-body homeostasis, triggering acute and adaptive cellular and systemic responses.
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in skeletal muscle from sources like NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondria are integral to exercise-induced physiological changes.
- ROS modulate critical signaling pathways including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), and PGC-1α, influencing glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, and hypertrophy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of ROS in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations.
- To explore the signaling pathways modulated by exercise-induced ROS.
- To discuss the challenge of differentiating between beneficial and harmful ROS effects and the impact of reductive stress.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ROS generation and signaling in skeletal muscle during exercise.
- Analysis of signaling pathways (AMPK, MAPK, NRF2, PGC-1α) affected by ROS.
- Discussion of the impact of antioxidants and reductive stress on exercise adaptations.
Main Results:
- Exercise-induced ROS generation is vital for skeletal muscle adaptations like increased glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, and hypertrophy.
- Antioxidants often blunt these beneficial adaptations, highlighting the essential role of ROS.
- Disruption of ROS signaling, due to insufficient or excessive ROS or reductive stress, impairs exercise adaptations.
Conclusions:
- ROS play a critical, dual role in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise, mediating beneficial signaling.
- Maintaining an optimal ROS level is crucial; both deficiency and excess disrupt exercise-stimulated adaptations.
- Identifying mediators of reductive stress is a current research trend impacting exercise biology.
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