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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Special Issue: Preterm Birth: Research, Intervention and Developmental Outcomes.

Annalisa Guarini1, Miguel Pérez Pereira2, Anneloes van Baar3

  • 1Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth is a major global health concern, contributing significantly to child mortality worldwide. Addressing this critical issue requires comprehensive strategies and further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a leading cause of under-five mortality globally, as recognized by the World Health Organization.
  • The complexities of preterm birth necessitate a multi-faceted approach to understand and mitigate its impact.

Discussion:

  • Investigating the underlying causes and risk factors associated with preterm birth is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can improve outcomes for both mothers and neonates affected by preterm birth.

Key Insights:

  • Early identification and management of preterm labor can significantly reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals is essential for optimizing care pathways for preterm infants.

Outlook:

  • Continued research into the biological and environmental determinants of preterm birth is vital.
  • Advancing global health initiatives focused on maternal and child well-being will be key to reducing the burden of preterm birth.