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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

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Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration.

Lymarie M Díaz-Díaz1, Natalia Rosario-Meléndez1, Andrea Rodríguez-Villafañe1

  • 1Río Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA.

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|April 3, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotics negatively impact sea cucumber intestinal regeneration by disrupting the gut microbial community. This study reveals unintended consequences of antibiotic use on marine invertebrate physiology and development.

Keywords:
Holothuria glaberrimaantibioticsgut microbiotaintestinal regenerationsea cucumbertoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Echinoderm Physiology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Antibiotic use is widespread in biomedical and agricultural fields.
  • Antibiotics can have unintended physiological and developmental effects beyond their intended purpose.
  • The sea cucumber (Holothuria glaberrima) is a model organism for studying regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of various antibiotics on intestinal regeneration in Holothuria glaberrima.
  • To determine if antibiotics affect key regenerative processes such as rudiment size, ECM remodeling, cell proliferation, and muscle dedifferentiation.
  • To elucidate the role of the enteric microbiota in mediating antibiotic-induced effects on regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Holothurians were eviscerated and exposed to penicillin/streptomycin cocktails with kanamycin, vancomycin, or erythromycin.
  • Immunohistological and histochemical analyses assessed regenerative parameters.
  • MTT assays and bacterial cultures evaluated metabolic activity and microbiota changes, respectively.

Main Results:

  • All antibiotic treatments reduced muscle dedifferentiation.
  • Vancomycin, erythromycin (4 µg/mL), and erythromycin (20 µg/mL) decreased extracellular matrix remodeling.
  • Erythromycin (20 µg/mL) significantly reduced rudiment size, while vancomycin altered cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotics exert negative effects on sea cucumber intestinal regeneration.
  • These detrimental effects are likely caused by alterations to the sea cucumber's enteric microbial community.
  • The study highlights the broader ecological and physiological impacts of antibiotic pollution.