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Hypertension and Related Comorbidities as Potential Risk Factors for COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severity: A

Ujué Fresán1,2,3,4, Marcela Guevara1,2,3, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín3,5

  • 1Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension alone does not increase COVID-19 hospitalization or severity risk. However, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases significantly elevate risks for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The independent impact of hypertension on COVID-19 outcomes requires clarification.
  • Hypertension-related conditions may influence COVID-19 severity and hospitalization rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the independent risk of hypertension and related conditions for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe outcomes.
  • To evaluate the risk of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, population-based cohort study in Spain (March-May 2020) included 424,784 individuals aged 25-79.
  • Poisson regression analysis was employed to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRR) for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe disease.
  • Severe COVID-19 was defined as intensive care unit admission or death.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension was not independently associated with increased hospitalization (aRR 0.96) or severe COVID-19 (aRR 1.12).
  • Cardiovascular (aRR 1.33), cerebrovascular (aRR 1.41), and chronic kidney diseases (aRR 1.52) were linked to higher COVID-19 hospitalization risk.
  • These conditions also increased severe COVID-19 risk: cardiovascular (aRR 1.61), cerebrovascular (aRR 1.91), and chronic kidney diseases (aRR 1.78).
  • Cerebrovascular diseases elevated mortality risk in hospitalized patients (aRR 1.80).

Conclusions:

  • In the general population, hypertension alone is not a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19.
  • Individuals with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases represent high-risk groups for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe disease.
  • These findings highlight the importance of managing comorbidities for better COVID-19 patient outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID-19 hospitalizationCOVID-19 mortalitySARS-CoV-2cardiovascular diseasecerebrovascular diseasechronic kidney diseasehypertension

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