Small Molecules-Prospective Novel HCMV Inhibitors.

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread betaherpesvirus with high seroprevalence globally.
• While typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, HCMV can cause severe, life-threatening conditions in neonates and immunocompromised adults.
• Lifelong viral persistence and reactivation underscore the need for effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review novel small molecules with potential anti-HCMV activity.
• To present compounds in clinical trials and novel inhibitors targeting viral or host factors.
• To describe the mechanisms of action for these emerging antiviral agents.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on anti-HCMV compounds.
• Analysis of compounds targeting viral proteins and host-cell factors.
• Evaluation of compounds in clinical trials for HCMV treatment.

Main Results:

• Existing antiviral therapies face challenges due to drug resistance mutations in viral DNA polymerase and terminase.
• A growing number of novel small molecules show potential for anti-HCMV activity.
• Emerging compounds exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, including targeting host factors.

Conclusions:

• There is an urgent need for new, well-tolerated antiviral agents against HCMV.
• Novel small molecules offer promising therapeutic avenues with different modes of action.
• Continued research into these compounds is crucial for combating HCMV infections and resistance.