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High-Density Lipoproteins and Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

Elena Grao-Cruces1, Lourdes M Varela2,3, Maria E Martin4

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.

Nutrients
|April 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The Mediterranean diet (MD) positively impacts high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality, improving cholesterol efflux and reducing oxidation. This suggests MD is protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD) by enhancing HDL quality.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular research
  • Nutritional science
  • Lipid metabolism

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of mortality.
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and composition are critical areas of interest, especially given recent clinical trial outcomes.
  • The relationship between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and CVD risk is complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on human HDL structure and functionality.
  • To explore how dietary patterns, specifically the MD, may influence HDL properties relevant to cardiovascular health.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across four major scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.
  • Thirteen relevant studies were selected for inclusion in this systematic review.

Main Results:

  • The Mediterranean diet (MD) demonstrated beneficial effects on HDL functionality.
  • Key improvements included enhanced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and reduced HDL oxidation.
  • MD also influenced HDL particle composition and size.

Conclusions:

  • The Mediterranean diet (MD) appears to be a protective factor against cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • These protective effects are associated with improvements in HDL quality and the prevention of HDL dysfunctionality.
  • Dietary interventions like the MD may offer a viable strategy for modulating HDL function in CVD prevention.

Keywords:
Mediterranean diethigh-density lipoproteinlipidomeolive oilproteome

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