Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.2K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.2K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

69.6K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
69.6K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

13.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
13.3K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

277
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
277

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Mouse Ladder-Climb Protocol Induces Acute Anabolic Signaling and Muscle-Specific Adaptations to Resistance Training.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> R20291 are remodeled by osmotic stress.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Current GMP standards for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies.

Bioengineering & translational medicine·2026
Same author

Human respiratory syncytial virus causes maternal inflammation in pregnant mice and behavioral alterations in the offspring.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> as a New Strategy for Oral Vaccination: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Variability in IFN Secretion in Response to the Human Metapneumovirus CZ0107 Strain: A Comparative Study in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mouse Models.

Journal of medical virology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.2K

Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV.

Nicolás M S Gálvez1, Catalina A Andrade1, Gaspar A Pacheco1

  • 1Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.

Viruses
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes significant respiratory illness in young children. This review explores the innate and adaptive immune responses and host factors that combat hMPV infection and replication.

Keywords:
adaptive immunityhost factorshuman metapneumovirusinnate immunity

More Related Videos

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

10.7K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.2K
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

10.7K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.2K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infections in children under five.
  • hMPV infection imposes a substantial global health and economic burden.
  • Host pattern recognition receptors detect hMPV structural components, initiating immune signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the innate and adaptive immune responses to hMPV.
  • To examine host intrinsic factors that modulate immunity during hMPV infection.
  • To identify host elements that restrict hMPV replication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on hMPV immunology.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions.
  • Examination of immune signaling pathways and viral restriction factors.

Main Results:

  • hMPV triggers pattern recognition receptor-mediated immune responses, including interferon pathways.
  • Host intrinsic factors can modulate the immune response to hMPV.
  • Specific host elements are capable of directly inhibiting hMPV replication.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the host immune response is crucial for managing hMPV infections.
  • Host intrinsic factors play a key role in controlling hMPV.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could lead to therapeutic strategies.