Beneficial Influence of Water-Soluble PEG-Functionalized C₆₀ Fullerene on Human Osteoblast Growth In Vitro

The purpose of this study was to make an initial assessment of new PEG (polyethylene glycol)-functionalized C₆₀ fullerene derivative for potential bone tissue engineering applications. Thus, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry measurement were performed. Moreover, cell culture experiments in vitro were carried out using normal human osteoblasts. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test as well as by fluorescent staining. It was demonstrated that resultant derivative possessed good solubility in water, high temperature stability, and retained favorable electron accepting properties of C₆₀ fullerene core. Most important, new fullerene derivatives at low concentrations did not exhibit cytotoxic effect and supported osteoblast proliferation compared to control. Thanks to all mentioned properties of new PEG-functionalized C₆₀ fullerene derivative, it seems that it could be used as a component of polymer-based bone scaffolds in order to enhance their biological properties.