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IL-33 in Mental Disorders.

Gianluca Pandolfo1, Giovanni Genovese1, Marco Casciaro2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-31 immune system axis may play a role in mental disorders like affective disorders, schizophrenia, and autism. Further research into alarmins like IL-33 is needed.

Keywords:
ASDIL-33alarminautismbipolardepressioninflammationinterleukin-33mental disorderspsychiatric

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mental disorders affect approximately 25% of the European population annually.
  • Immune response and immunological biomarkers are increasingly recognized as key factors in mental disorders (MDs).
  • Previous research suggests links between cytokines (IL-6, TNFa, S100b, IL-1b, PCR) and affective or schizophrenic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and understand the potential association between mental disorders and interleukin 33 (IL-33).
  • To clarify the role of the IL-33/31 axis within the immune system concerning mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 13 research papers.
  • Analysis of studies measuring interleukin 33 (IL-33) or interleukin 31 (IL-31) levels in individuals with mental disorders.
  • Specific focus on affective disorders (8 studies), schizophrenia (3 studies), and autism spectrum disorders (2 studies).

Main Results:

  • Alterations in the IL-33/31 axis were observed in subjects with various mental disorders.
  • The review identified 13 studies examining IL-33 or IL-31 levels in mental health conditions.
  • Cytokine levels, particularly IL-33, showed variations across different psychiatric diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • The IL-33/31 axis, involving alarmins, may contribute to the pathophysiology of mental disorders.
  • Disruptions in the autoimmune response and the IL-33/31 axis could impact brain structure and neurodevelopment.
  • Alarmins, especially the IL-33/31 axis, warrant increased attention from researchers and clinicians in mental health studies.