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Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

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Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...
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Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

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The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive...
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A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
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Temporal Loudness Weights Are Frequency Specific.

Alexander Fischenich1, Jan Hots2, Jesko Verhey2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The beginning of a sound significantly impacts loudness perception. This study reveals that temporal loudness weighting is specific to different frequency bands, even when gaps are introduced.

Keywords:
auditoryfrequency specificintensity discriminationloudnesstemporal weights

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • The initial part of a sound is crucial for perceived loudness (primacy effect).
  • A silent gap within a sound can cause the primacy effect to reappear in the subsequent sound segment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if temporal loudness weighting operates independently across different frequency bands.
  • To determine if the primacy effect, following a silent gap, is frequency-specific.

Main Methods:

  • Participants listened to sounds composed of two bandpass noises.
  • Four gap conditions were tested: simultaneous gap in both bands, gap in one band only, or no gap.
  • Temporal loudness weights were analyzed for each frequency band across conditions.

Main Results:

  • A primacy effect was observed at sound onset in all conditions.
  • Temporal weights decreased over time for un-gapped bands, irrespective of the other band's condition.
  • Gaps in a specific frequency band led to an increased weight at the band's re-onset, independent of the other band.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal loudness weighting is frequency-specific.
  • The reoccurrence of the primacy effect after a gap is largely independent across frequency bands.