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High-sensitivity inter-satellite optical communications using chip-scale LED and single-photon detector hardware.

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    |April 6, 2021
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    We developed chip-scale light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters and single-photon avalanche diode receivers for small satellite communications. This technology achieves high data rates and sensitivity, enabling over 1 km communication ranges.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Satellite Communications
    • Semiconductor Devices

    Background:

    • Small satellites face significant constraints in size, weight, and power (SWaP) for their communication systems.
    • Existing communication modules often struggle to meet the demanding requirements of modern small satellite missions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate novel chip-scale light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters and single-photon avalanche diode receivers for small satellite communication.
    • To demonstrate high data rate and high sensitivity communication solutions tailored for SWaP-constrained platforms.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized chip-scale light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receivers.
    • Conducted experimental demonstrations of communication links at various data rates and distances.
    • Performed simulations to project feasible communication ranges under specific gain and pointing conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved data rates of 100 Mb/s with a receiver sensitivity of -55.2 dBm.
    • Experimentally demonstrated a 750 m communication link operating at 20 Mb/s using a single micro-LED.
    • Simulations indicate communication ranges exceeding 1 km are achievable with up to 52 dBi directional gain.

    Conclusions:

    • Chip-scale LED transmitters and SPAD receivers offer a viable solution for high-performance satellite communications.
    • The developed technology meets the stringent SWaP requirements of small satellites, enabling high data rate and high sensitivity links.
    • This approach significantly enhances the communication capabilities of small satellite platforms.