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Polarization resolving and imaging with a single-photon sensitive superconducting nanowire array.

Xing-Qu Sun, Wei-Jun Zhang, Cheng-Jun Zhang

|April 6, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed a novel superconducting nanowire array polarimeter for single-photon detection. This device can resolve light polarization at the single-photon level, enabling new low-light imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Photonics
Superconducting devices

Background:

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) excel at photon counting but typically ignore light polarization.
Resolving polarization offers crucial information for object characterization.
Existing SNSPDs lack polarization-resolving capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the first prototype polarimeter using a superconducting nanowire array.
To enable single-photon level polarization state resolution.
To demonstrate low-light polarization imaging.

Main Methods:

Designed a four-pixel superconducting nanowire array with a division of focal plane configuration.
Each pixel's nanowire orientation was offset by 45° to act as a polarization filter.
Characterized the array's performance with 1550-nm photons, measuring detection efficiency, dark count rate, and timing jitter.

Main Results:

Achieved single-photon level polarization state resolution for linearly-polarized light.
Demonstrated an average polarization extinction ratio of ~10.
Obtained a system detection efficiency of ~1% with a timing jitter of 126 ps.
Showcased successful low-light level polarization imaging.
Reported mean errors of -3° for polarization angle and 0.12 for the degree of linear polarization.

Conclusions:

The developed superconducting nanowire array functions as a single-photon sensitive polarimeter.
This technology paves the way for integrated, fast, large-scale polarization imagers.
Potential applications include photon-starved polarization resolving and high-resolution imaging.