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Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor optical dynamic range.

Vyas Akondi, Alfredo Dubra

|April 6, 2021

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A new "optical dynamic range" for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWS) is proposed, offering a larger range than the traditional lenslet-bound definition. This method avoids lenslet image overlap and improves accuracy for aberrations.

Area of Science:

Optics
Optical Engineering
Metrology

Background:

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) is a crucial tool for measuring wavefront aberrations.
Its dynamic range is typically defined by the fixed association between pixels and lenslets, limiting its measurement capabilities.
Existing definitions may not fully capture the sensor's potential under certain aberration conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and formalize a new definition of dynamic range for SHWS, termed "optical dynamic range."
To compare the proposed optical dynamic range with the conventional lenslet-bound definition.
To develop and demonstrate a pre-centroiding algorithm for improved lenslet image localization.

Main Methods:

Formalizing the optical dynamic range based on the non-overlap of lenslet images.

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Comparing the two dynamic range definitions using Zernike polynomials up to third order and spherical aberration.

Developing a pre-centroiding algorithm leveraging SHWS image periodicity for aberration correction.

Main Results:

The optical dynamic range is shown to be larger than the lenslet-bound definition by a factor related to the number of lenslets.
The proposed definition provides a more accurate assessment of the SHWS's measurement capability, especially for complex aberrations.
The pre-centroiding algorithm effectively locates lenslet images even with significant defocus and astigmatism.

Conclusions:

The optical dynamic range offers a more comprehensive metric for SHWS performance.
The new definition and pre-centroiding algorithm enhance the accuracy and applicability of SHWS in optical testing.
This work advances the understanding and practical application of wavefront sensing technology.