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Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
923

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
09:48

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

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Optical flow sensor based on the thermal time-of-flight measurement.

Jernej Hribar, Denis Donlagic

    Optics Express
    |April 6, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an all-optical sensor for measuring fluid flow velocity using thermal time-of-flight. It accurately detects flow rates from 1 to 1200 ml/h, unaffected by liquid composition changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Accurate fluid flow velocity measurement is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
    • Existing methods often face limitations with variable fluid compositions or require complex calibration.
    • Development of robust, all-optical sensors offers advantages in harsh environments and for non-conductive fluids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel dielectric, all-optical sensor for measuring fluid flow velocity.
    • To demonstrate the thermal time-of-flight principle for flow sensing.
    • To achieve a wide dynamic range and robustness against environmental and fluid property variations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a three-section optical fiber setup with a vanadium-doped heater and two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors.

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  • Periodically heating the fluid using a laser source and measuring downstream temperature variations.
  • Correlating the time delay of temperature changes at FBGs with fluid flow rate.

    • Main Results:

    • The sensor achieved a flow rate measurement range of 1 ml/h to 1200 ml/h in a 650 µm capillary.
    • Demonstrated insensitivity to optical lead fiber losses and heating power fluctuations.
    • Showed minimal impact from the thermal properties (thermal conductivity, heat capacity) of the measured liquid.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed all-optical thermal time-of-flight sensor offers a reliable method for fluid flow velocity measurement.
    • Its robustness and independence from fluid thermal properties enable applications with complex or variable fluid compositions.
    • This technology provides a promising alternative for flow sensing in diverse environments.