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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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Being Small and Intronic: miRNAs That Count!

George A Calin1

  • 1Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. gcalin@mdanderson.org.

Cancer Research
|April 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that the FTX locus contains multiple noncoding RNAs that interact functionally in colorectal cancer cells. These findings highlight the complex roles of noncoding RNAs in cancer progression and signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Intronic microRNAs (miRNAs) and their interactions with host coding genes are understudied.
  • The human genome's largest portion, noncoding DNA, holds potential clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional landscape of the FTX locus in colorectal cancer.
  • To explore the coordinated expression and functional effects of noncoding RNAs within the FTX locus.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the FTX locus at chromosome Xq13.2.
  • Investigating the expression and function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FTX and its intronic miRNAs.
  • Identifying downstream protein-coding targets.

Main Results:

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  • The FTX locus contains multiple noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with coordinated expression.
  • FTX lncRNA and its intronic miRNAs (miR-374a, -374b, -421, -545) form a functional network.
  • This network targets downstream protein-coding genes including DHX9, DICER, PTEN, and RIG-I.

Conclusions:

  • Multigenic loci exhibit complex functional landscapes modulating cancer progression.
  • Noncoding genomic regions harbor critical insights into cancer signaling pathways.
  • Further exploration of the noncoding genome may yield significant clinical applications.